Anxiety Disorders: Diagnosis and treatment
Anxiety Disorders: diagnosis and treatment is among the most common mental health conditions worldwide. They manifest through persistent and excessive worry that interferes with daily functioning.
Diagnosis of anxiety disorder:
Diagnosis anxiety disorder involves a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare, professional, often a psychologist. process includes;
Clinical interview: the clinical interview involves discussing the patients’ symptoms, medical history, and personal background. healthcare providers use diagnostic criteria, such as outlined in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder.
physical examination: although anxiety disorder is diagnosed through psychological assessment, a physical exam, may be conducted to rule out other medical conditions that might mimic, or contribute to anxiety symptoms such as thyroid disorders.
diagnostic criteria: according to the dsm-5 common anxiety disorder are;
generalized anxiety disorder: characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life.
panic disorder: marked by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks which are sudden episodes of fear or discomfort.
social anxiety disorder: involves significant fear or anxiety about social situations where one is exposed to possible scrutiny.
specific phobias: involves intense, irrational fear of objects or situations.
post-traumatic stress disorder develops after exposure to a traumatic event, and is characterized by intrusive memories, flashbacks, and heightened arousal.
Treatment of anxiety disorder:
Treatment of anxiety disorders involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication and lifestyle changes.
psychotherapy: often considered as first line of treatment, psychotherapy helps individuals understand and manage their anxiety.
cognitive behavioral therapy: it is highly effective for treatment of anxiety disorders. It focusing on identifying and altering negative thought patterns that contribute to anxiety.
acceptance and commitment therapy: this therapy encourages individuals to accept their thoughts and feelings rather than fighting them and commits to actions aligned with their values.
Medication:
Medications can be useful in managing symptoms particularly when psychotherapy alone is insufficient.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: often prescribed as a first line treatment, such as sertraline or fluoxetine, increase serotonin levels in the brain.
beta blockers: medications such as propranolol can help manage physical symptoms of anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat.
lifestyle modifications:
Adopting lifestyles changes can complement other treatment and help manage anxiety.
exercise: regular physical activity has been shown to reduce anxiety and improve overall mental health.
healthy diet: a balanced diet can support overall well-being and may help regulate mood.
sleep hygiene: ensuring adequate and quality sleep is important as poor sleep can anxiety.
